What does the Bible mean when it says, "the Lord weighs the hearts of men"?


Let's examine the Scripture to which you refer: "Every way of a man is right in his own eyes, but the LORD weighs the hearts" (Prov. 21:2 NKJ).

"Weighs the hearts" refers to God's ability to know our thoughts and intents. We can deceive ourselves and think that every decision we make is justified and right. We aren't bad; we are simply imperfect. God knows exactly why we make the decisions that we make.
For the word of God (Jesus in this case) is living and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the division of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. And there is no creature hidden from His sight, but all things are naked and open to the eyes of Him to whom we must give account.
(Heb. 4:12-13 NKJ)
God knows our motives even when we aren't fully aware of them. This scripture is not to condemn us, but to let us know that we need God to be involved in our lives.

If we apply the following scripture, we will make sure our hearts doesn't deceive us: "Trust in the LORD with all your heart, And lean not on your own understanding; In all your ways acknowledge Him, And He shall direct your paths" (Prov. 3:5-6 NKJ).

Obeying this Scripture gets God involved in our lives and leads us to success.

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